Sim ulation is performed to show the efficacy of the proposed control. The proposed formation flying mission uses sails due to the limited volume and power of small spacecraft. Spacecraft formation flying control sylvain cadic1,2 xu bo1, lu yuping1 1. A formation flying system using solar radiation pressure is presented in this paper. For this purpose, three control schemes are presented. To be able to express the time evolution of the formation and design the corresponding control laws, it is convenient that a reference frame is attached to each spacecraft. In the case of this project, students at mit and cornell develop separate agents for various formation flying tech nologies and combine them in spacecraft units. Adaptive learning control for spacecraft formation flying. We shall always assume that these reference frames are in. Navys flight demonstration squadron, the blue angels, has marveled at how these sleek jets can fly so close together. Output feedback control for spacecraft formation flying with coupled translation and attitude dynamics hong wong, haizhou pan, and vikram kapila mechanical, aerospace, and manufacturing engineering, polytechnic university, brooklyn, ny 11201 abstractin this paper, we address an output feedback tracking control problem for the coupled.
However, the coordination and control of such instruments present many design challenges. Four nasa spacecraft have performed a thrilling maneuver to understand the physics of explosive reconnection in earths magnetosphere. Satellite formation flying is the concept that multiple satellites can work together in a group to accomplish the objective of one larger, usually more expensive, satellite. Nevertheless, controlling the movement of spacecraft in formation poses difficulties, such as inorbit highcomputing demand and collision avoidance capabilities, which escalate as the number of. Small spacecraft formation flying using solar radiation. Pdf spacecraft formation flying control design for the. Formation flying enables cloudsat to track calipso in a very precise way. After launch, maneuvers in the first days of the mission were performed to bring the cloudsat spacecraft in formation with calipso, which, in turn, assumed a formation position with respect to aqua. Some applications require that a controllable satellite keeps relative position and attitude to observe a specific surface of another satellite among the cluster. Mms spacecraft transition to tetrahedral flying formation. Modeling and control of formation flying satellites in 6 dof. Relative positioning of satellites in formations is an important control problem within the field of satellite formation flight.
Modeling and control of formation flying satellites in 6 dof oppgavens tekst. These controllers distinguish from the bulk of literature in that they merge guidance laws never applied before to spacecraft formation flying and collision avoidance capacities into a single control strategy. A minimum of four spacecraft to establish a volume is required to study some of the key. Communications satellite operators stand to generate considerable extra revenue from extended spacecraft lifetimes offered by onorbit inspection, refuelling and repairs, and as such there is a clear commercial demand for developments in this area. Journal of guidance, control, and dynamics vol 41, no 3. Model predictive control for formation flying spacecraft. Spacecraft formation flying using intervehicle coulomb. Spacecraft formation flying ebook by kyle alfriend.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading spacecraft formation flying. How,z stephanie thomasx terence mcloughlinand mark campbellk abstract this paper describes several tools and technologies that have been developed for future spacecraft for mation ying missions. Distributed coordination and control of formation flying spacecraft michael tillerson, louis breger, and jonathan p. The proposed control scheme also can be extended hierarchically for multiple groups. Formation and maneuver control of multiple spacecraft.
Anyone who has witnessed the precision formation flying of the u. Four nasa satellites set record for formation flying in space. Formation flying guidance ffg is defined as the generation of any reference trajectories used as an input for a formation members relative state tracking control law. Orbit and attitude control of spacecraft formation flying. Intended for graduate students, professors and academic researchers in the fields of aerospace and mechanical engineering, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics, spacecraft formation flying is a technical yet accessible, forwardthinking. Low thrust augmented spacecraft formationflying for on. This ffg definition includes open loop control design i. Additionally, advanced topics such as lowthrust trajectory analysis, nonlinear spacecraft attitude control, and navigation techniques are introduced. The researching missions at present include orion used to demonstrate the low cost gps, and deepspace 3ds3 to which the autonomous navigation is applied. Station keeping, pitch attitude slew and yaw attitude slew are.
Distributed control of formation flying spacecraft built on oa. Adaptive learning control for spacecraft formation flying conference paper pdf available in proceedings of the ieee conference on decision and control 2. During spacecraft operations the states would be set by the formation configuration at the specified start time for the maneuver arc. Distributed control of formation flying spacecraft built on oa louis breger, philip fergusony, jonathan p. Design and evaluation of navigation and control algorithms. Output feedback control for spacecraft formation flying. American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 12700 sunrise valley drive, suite 200 reston, va 201915807 703. In the latter half of july 2015, the four satellites of the magnetosphere multiscale mms mission move into their tetrahedral formation flying configuration as part of the checkout for the science phase of the mission. Intended for graduate students, professors and academic researchers in the fields of aerospace and mechanical engineering, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics, spacecraft formation flying is a technical yet accessible, forwardthinking guide to this critical area of astrodynamics.
Spacecraft formation flying is becoming a very attractive field in astronautics. Formation flying consists of flying a group of spacecraft in a particular pattern. Formation flying is performed to do low frequency, large scale controls. Pdf autonomous formation flying for the prisma mission. Multiple spacecraft formation flying control around sunearth l 2 libration point a topology control strategy with reliability assurance for satellite cluster networks in earth observation 23 february 2017 sensors, vol. Pdf unscented kalman filter for multiple spacecraft. Instead, a suite of spacecraft, flying in formation and connected by highspeed communications could create a very large virtual science instrument. Spacecraft formation flying is an evolving technology with many possible applications, such as long baseline interferometry, stereographic imaging, synthetic apertures, and distinguishing spatial from temporal magnetospheric variations. Lowthrust fuzzy formation keeping for multiple spacecraft. Shanghai, china positionvelocity consensus in formation flying of multiple spacecraft hanlei wang science and technology on space intelligent control laboratory, beijing institute of control engineering, beijing 100190, china tel.
While propagating, dis crete states along the path are saved. Coordinating smaller satellites has many benefits over single satellites including simpler designs, faster build times, cheaper replacement creating higher redundancy, unprecedented high resolution, and the ability to view. J2modified gvebased mpc for formation flying spacecraft. Specially, the target space vehicle is malfunctioning. Constellations flying in close formation will need propulsion systems capable of producing micronewtons of thrust in a controllable manner. Propellantless spacecraft formationflying and maneuvering with photonic laser thrusters. A unique feature of this textbook is the presentation of classical control systems. Distributed spacecraft formation flying dsff is a new technology in space mission design, aiming at replacing large satellites with multiple small satellites.
Nanjing university of astronautics and aeronautics nuaa, china 2. Lisa is a spacebased gravitational wave observatory that is anticipated to launch in 2034. As defined by the nasa goddard space flight center, a constellation is composed of two or more spacecraft in similar orbits with no active control to maintain a relative position. Deep space formation flying spacecraft path planning abstract efficient algorithms for collisionfree energy suboptimal path planning for formations of spacecraft flying in deep space are presented. Although the concept of onorbit inspection has been explored in the past, the advent of modern low thrust propulsion enhances the capabilities of. A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and. Nasa spacecraft fly in recordsetting formation science.
In such formations, vehicle spacing on the order of tens of meters is required. The advantage is that the virtual structure could be made to any size. Two approaches to formation flying nasa space place. How mit department of aeronautics and astronautics formation. Adaptive nonlinear control of multiple spacecraft formation flying conference paper in journal of guidance control and dynamics 233. When two spacecraft have a close formation flying or reach the terminal phase of rendezvous maneuvers, a reference frame centered on the primary body of the system sun or earth is typically inappropriate to investigate their relative motions. This control law is usually expressed in terms of a relative state vector, which commonly includes relative positions and. Four individual satellites of nasas magnetospheric multiscale mission mms recently set a record for the closest flying formation ever achieved by a multicraft space mission to date on sept. This paper presents an mpc controller that uses dynamics based on a.
Representative nasa programs that plan to use formation flying satellites are the. The principles presented in this comprehensive formation. In contrast to single spacecraft, formationflying satellites separated along the. Li2 1 coordinated science laboratory, university of illinois at urbanachampaign 2 department of mechanical engineering, university of minnesota abstract we propose a novel control framework for the formation. The interferometer instrument would be distributed over three small spacecraft. This thesis addresses two spacecraft formation flying control challenges. Spacecraft formation ying is an enabling technology for many future space. Ploen jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca 911098099 abstractformation. The primary reason for that is the differential acceleration on each spacecraft is small and fine relative. Distributed coordination and control of formation flying. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Four mms spacecraft achieve tightest flying formation ever.
Dependent on the formation mission, various degrees of position accuracy is. Flight demonstrations and way forward 08212014 what is a distributed space system. Pdf prisma is a technology demonstration mission for satellite formation flying and. The three satellites are in very nearly the same orbit. A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and control part ii. The idea is to introduce a set of waypoints through which the space craft are required to pass, combined with parameterizations of the. Ds3 is such a concept for a separatedspacecraft optical interferometer figure 1. Formation flying con sists of flying a group of spacecraft in a particular pattern. Unscented kalman filter for multiple spacecraft formation flying. The four spacecraft are just six miles apart, flying in whats called a tetrahedral formation, with each spacecraft at the. The idea of spacecraft formations, flying in tight configurations with maximum baselines of a few hundred meters in lowearth orbits, has generated widespread interest over the last several years. Formation flying is a novel concept of distributing the functionality of large spacecraft among several smaller, less expensive, cooperative satellites. Then, the reference and the four spacecraft formation are propagated without any maneuvers. Its constellation of three spacecraft will be located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle that will follow the earth about the sun.
New millennium interferometer nmi is an important part of nasas new millennium program nmp. An external coronagraph is due to fly on the formation flying mission proba3, revealing normally unseen sections of the solar corona. Dynamics, control and navigation elsevier astrodynamics kindle edition by alfriend, kyle, vadali, srinivas rao, gurfil, pini, how, jonathan, breger, louis. During this phase, the four spacecraft will have their orbits adjusted to eventually bring them to within about ten kilometers of each other. The military continued to develop and refine formation concepts over the years and employs these concepts, in all the militaries of the world, to this day. The control of the semimajor axes of both spacecrafts to maintain the inter satellite separation within tolerable margins while minimizing any perturbations of the.
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